· 2000 - Internet music-swapping site "Napster" is created, and alarms the recording industry which mounts a massive campaign to shut it down despite First Amendment concerns.
· 2000 - The first year recording sales actually declined -- record industry blames online music swapping as the cause and tried to advance digital copy protection schemes.
· 2000 - Consumer DVD recorders were introduced at the Comdex Consumer Electronics show in Las Vegas priced at $1000, but by the 2001 show came down to around $500; these video recorders can hold up to 4.7 gigabytes of video and multimedia content
· 2000 - Digital electronic books (E-Books) become a small part of the publishing industry, and several competing companies attempt to introduce the standards for them.
· 2000 - March 10 -- the so-called "Internet Bubble" burst leading to a recession/shakeout of the inflated technology industry, as reality started to replace "irrational exuberance."
· 2001 - Napster is forced to "filter out" content due to RIAA lawsuit; hints at fees to come other free peer-to-peer software including Gnutella are developed to take Napster's place
· 2001 - Intel announces a breakthrough in the speed of computer processing chips that will make computers several THOUSAND times faster; first systems expected to be sold in 2007
· 2001 - DVD video disk players outsell VHS video cassette recorder/players for the first time.
· 2001 - Music DVD's are introduced which can contain 7 - 10 times the amount of music, or multimedia content to augment the usual sound recordings.
· 2001 - The TV screen gets more junked up by "crawls" -- banners at the bottom of the screen, and other distracting divisions of the screen in imitation of computer desktops.
· 2001 - Reminiscent of VHS/Betamax, an alternate standard for consumer DVD writable disks is introduced to thwart piracy called DVD+RW (as opposed to original DVD-RW); Microsoft is among the chief proponents of DVD+RW; Apple remains with DVD-RW
· 2001 - October 23 - Apple Computer introduces the iPod portable music player for playing mp3 files, and it is a big hit, helping re-establish Apple's innovative reputation and improve their bottom line.
· 2002 - The F.C.C. (U.S. Federal Communications Commission) requires all new U.S television TV sets to include digital receivers in order to help the transition to digital
· 2002 - October 10 - The F.C.C. approves a digital radio broadcast standard developed by iBiquity Digital Corp., a company backed by broadcasters including ABC and Viacom.
· 2003 - Apple Computer introduces a downloadable music service via its iTunes music application, which proved that people would pay 99-cents-per-tune to download music legally in the wake of peer-to-peer free (but illegal) file swapping
· 2005 - Retailers Wal-Mart, Target, Best Buy and Circuit City announce they will stop selling VHS Video Cassette tapes since DVD's are now the medium of choice for most consumers
· 2005 - December 20 -- the U.S. Congress agreed that Standard NTSC analogue TV broadcasts will cease in favour of all digital TV transmission nation-wide on February 17, 2009
· 2006 - January 27 - Western Union stopped delivering telegrams as of this date -- ending a service in the United States that it began in 1851; their primary business is still money transfers.
· 2006 - February 22 - Apple Computer's online music store integrated into its iTunes software and iPod hardware, sold it's one-billionth song on this date, proving that digital music can be accepted by the public when distributed across a network in a virtual form, as opposed to inscribed only in discrete tangible media.
Thursday, 26 March 2009
1980s/90s Music Timeline
1981 - The MTV Music TV Cable Network debuts on the air at Midnight, August 1st.
1981 - The first IBM-brand "PC" (for "Personal Computer") is released on August 12th.
Personal Computer" becomes the popular name of what used to be called a "micro computer" system; It uses the "DOS" -- Disk Operating System provided byentrepreneur Bill Gates who bought the rights to it from a local company in Seattle for a pittance, and resold it under his company's name -- "Microsoft"
1982 - The digital Compact Disc (CD) is introduced by a Japanese conglomerate.
1982 - The first CD released (in Japan) is Billy Joel's "52nd Street" (October, 1982.)
1983 - The first CD titles are released in the US in June (12 CBS, 15 Telarc, 30 Denon.)
1983 - In November, U.S. computing student Fred Cohen created the very first computer virus -- as a research project.
1984 - The (128K) Apple Macintosh personal computer debuts with a Graphical User Interface advertised as "the computer for the rest of us", expected sales of 50,000 the first month at $2495, the industry (and Apple) is surprised when 75,000 orders pour in...perhaps due in part to a novel TV ad aired during the Football Superbowl game.
1984 - NBC broadcasts the first television programs with stereo sound.
1985 - Adoption of the CD starts taking a huge bite out of LP sales, causing them to drop 25%.
1986 - The Recording Industry Association of America (the RIAA) announces on June 19 that CDs have overtaken LP sales in the U.S.
1988 - The CD overtakes LP sales worldwide; CD-ROMs are developed as a computer medium able to store around 750 MegaBytes per disc.
1988 - CEDAR Audio Ltd. of Cambridge, England develops a Noise Reduction system to fix clicks, pops and crackle from old records re-mastered for release on CD's. CEDAR is an acronym for Computer Enhanced Digital Audio Restoration. Other companies in the U.S. soon followed. One of them -- Sonic Solutions -- began in San Rafael, California as a spin-off of a project called "Edit-Droid" from George Lucas' company Lucasfilm. Sonic Solutions sells a system of professional noise reduction options called "NoNoise."
1990 - Phillips introduces a digital audio tape recorder (DAT) using a digital casette.
1990 - Dec. 25 (Christmas Day) Tim Berners-Lee, a researcher working at the CERN atomic laboratory in Switzerland, finishes programming the first practical Web Browser, which comes to be known as "Nexus", incorporating both FTP (file transfer protocol) and his own HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), simplifying interactions between client and server machines, making a more seamless display of text and graphics over the Internet; the browser was first released on Feb 26,1991 to a group of physicists, and it became such a popular phenomena, that Tim Berners-Lee (who could have received royalties) let the browser go into Public Domain in 1993 -- so as to further promote the growth of the World-Wide Web.
1991 - The Moving Picture Experts Group MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3) compressed audio file format becomes an international standard, and eventually the most popular format for distributing digital audio over the Internet.
1991 - The "Sound Scan" barcode tracking system of reporting music recording sales begins to bring accurate sales figures to record charts; Country music is now a bigger segment.
1994 - Personal computers outsell TV sets for the first time in the United States.
1994 - The Internet starts to "take off" as a major computing platform due to the World Wide Web being "discovered" for a myriad of commercial and social uses; junk Email begins
1995 - The online auction community eBay starts out as "AuctionWeb.com", programmed by General Magic engineer Pierre Omidyar who started it as a hobby project. It debuts on the Web in September 1995, and 10 years later in September, 2005 eBay will boast 157 million registered users worldwide, 75 million in the U.S.
1996 - The DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) increases capacity of digital storage of audio and video on a CD (Compact Disc) medium; can store on to 4.7 GigaBytes per side; double-sided disks are possible though rare...
1997 - The world falls in love with everything Internet, and there is talk of a "New Economy" where the old rules don't apply. But by 2001, the speculative bubble bursts, leaving many computer engineers jobless; and fuelling the trend toward hi-tech outsourcing.
1998 - The Internet Web site "ClassicThemes.com" debuts on January 26th, 1998; Founded by former Radio/TV composer/producer and Macromedia software engineer David Shields, who wanted to consolidate his research into classic television themes and old-time radio (OTR) themes, that he had been researching, collecting and publishing since 1960; Over the years biographies about the better composer-arrangers of Light (Easy Listening) music, and other resources are added; and the site becomes a primary source for the music industry.
1998 - First regular transmissions of HDTV (High-Definition Television) begin in major cities
1999 - Broadband Internet service providers begin to be offered to consumers faster Web page downloads and smoother and faster streaming media.
1999 - Recordable CD-R digital audio disc technology becomes part of personal computer systems.
1999 - Rival Audio DVD formats DVD-A and SACD (Super-Audio CD) introduced which offer superior sound than conventional CDs; DVD-A includes other media content as well.
1999 - The Mutual Broadcasting System is a victim of consolidation -- absorbed into Westwood One-CNN Radio on April 18, ending 65 years as an independent radio network.
1981 - The first IBM-brand "PC" (for "Personal Computer") is released on August 12th.
Personal Computer" becomes the popular name of what used to be called a "micro computer" system; It uses the "DOS" -- Disk Operating System provided byentrepreneur Bill Gates who bought the rights to it from a local company in Seattle for a pittance, and resold it under his company's name -- "Microsoft"
1982 - The digital Compact Disc (CD) is introduced by a Japanese conglomerate.
1982 - The first CD released (in Japan) is Billy Joel's "52nd Street" (October, 1982.)
1983 - The first CD titles are released in the US in June (12 CBS, 15 Telarc, 30 Denon.)
1983 - In November, U.S. computing student Fred Cohen created the very first computer virus -- as a research project.
1984 - The (128K) Apple Macintosh personal computer debuts with a Graphical User Interface advertised as "the computer for the rest of us", expected sales of 50,000 the first month at $2495, the industry (and Apple) is surprised when 75,000 orders pour in...perhaps due in part to a novel TV ad aired during the Football Superbowl game.
1984 - NBC broadcasts the first television programs with stereo sound.
1985 - Adoption of the CD starts taking a huge bite out of LP sales, causing them to drop 25%.
1986 - The Recording Industry Association of America (the RIAA) announces on June 19 that CDs have overtaken LP sales in the U.S.
1988 - The CD overtakes LP sales worldwide; CD-ROMs are developed as a computer medium able to store around 750 MegaBytes per disc.
1988 - CEDAR Audio Ltd. of Cambridge, England develops a Noise Reduction system to fix clicks, pops and crackle from old records re-mastered for release on CD's. CEDAR is an acronym for Computer Enhanced Digital Audio Restoration. Other companies in the U.S. soon followed. One of them -- Sonic Solutions -- began in San Rafael, California as a spin-off of a project called "Edit-Droid" from George Lucas' company Lucasfilm. Sonic Solutions sells a system of professional noise reduction options called "NoNoise."
1990 - Phillips introduces a digital audio tape recorder (DAT) using a digital casette.
1990 - Dec. 25 (Christmas Day) Tim Berners-Lee, a researcher working at the CERN atomic laboratory in Switzerland, finishes programming the first practical Web Browser, which comes to be known as "Nexus", incorporating both FTP (file transfer protocol) and his own HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), simplifying interactions between client and server machines, making a more seamless display of text and graphics over the Internet; the browser was first released on Feb 26,1991 to a group of physicists, and it became such a popular phenomena, that Tim Berners-Lee (who could have received royalties) let the browser go into Public Domain in 1993 -- so as to further promote the growth of the World-Wide Web.
1991 - The Moving Picture Experts Group MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3) compressed audio file format becomes an international standard, and eventually the most popular format for distributing digital audio over the Internet.
1991 - The "Sound Scan" barcode tracking system of reporting music recording sales begins to bring accurate sales figures to record charts; Country music is now a bigger segment.
1994 - Personal computers outsell TV sets for the first time in the United States.
1994 - The Internet starts to "take off" as a major computing platform due to the World Wide Web being "discovered" for a myriad of commercial and social uses; junk Email begins
1995 - The online auction community eBay starts out as "AuctionWeb.com", programmed by General Magic engineer Pierre Omidyar who started it as a hobby project. It debuts on the Web in September 1995, and 10 years later in September, 2005 eBay will boast 157 million registered users worldwide, 75 million in the U.S.
1996 - The DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) increases capacity of digital storage of audio and video on a CD (Compact Disc) medium; can store on to 4.7 GigaBytes per side; double-sided disks are possible though rare...
1997 - The world falls in love with everything Internet, and there is talk of a "New Economy" where the old rules don't apply. But by 2001, the speculative bubble bursts, leaving many computer engineers jobless; and fuelling the trend toward hi-tech outsourcing.
1998 - The Internet Web site "ClassicThemes.com" debuts on January 26th, 1998; Founded by former Radio/TV composer/producer and Macromedia software engineer David Shields, who wanted to consolidate his research into classic television themes and old-time radio (OTR) themes, that he had been researching, collecting and publishing since 1960; Over the years biographies about the better composer-arrangers of Light (Easy Listening) music, and other resources are added; and the site becomes a primary source for the music industry.
1998 - First regular transmissions of HDTV (High-Definition Television) begin in major cities
1999 - Broadband Internet service providers begin to be offered to consumers faster Web page downloads and smoother and faster streaming media.
1999 - Recordable CD-R digital audio disc technology becomes part of personal computer systems.
1999 - Rival Audio DVD formats DVD-A and SACD (Super-Audio CD) introduced which offer superior sound than conventional CDs; DVD-A includes other media content as well.
1999 - The Mutual Broadcasting System is a victim of consolidation -- absorbed into Westwood One-CNN Radio on April 18, ending 65 years as an independent radio network.
Britannia High
We watched a short clip of Britannia High. To begin with it started off with a close up of bright shiny colourful wall. After this it pans to the characters with a master shot which follows to set the scene. It uses eye level shots of the characters which makes the audience feel part of the conversation.
The clip after this then uses a two shot through the whole of the conversation; this pulls the audience in and makes the audience seem more into it and the realism of the conversation. By using over the shoulder shots it still informs the audience and making them part of the conversation. The realism is shown by using the over the shoulder shot at different times to the two shot.
During the conversation when one of the characters stands up the camera rises to show the importance of them. When Jez stands to say his fathers name the camera zooms up for a close up on Jez’s face for a dramatic effect to show how important it is.
When Jez walks out on the conversation it shows a track shot of him leaving the room it shows a wide shot of the other characters reactions. This shows the aftershocks of their faces, feeling guilty of what they have said and making him leave.
When Jez leaves, there is a quick montage of sights in London before it cuts to the characters in a random grass field. This shows the change of background before it shows a wide shot of the characters standing in the field. After this there is another wide shot of the characters walking in different directions, this is showing that they have no idea which way to go and that they could be lost.
It then cuts to a reverse shows where the characters are looking at a huge house and all you can see is them from behind. Then it cuts to them looking at the front of the house looking up at it. This shows their reactions to how big the house actually is.
Then it cuts to Jez playing pool with his dad, this starts from a high shot before zooming down which then focuses on the books, this gives us the sense of money.
The clip after this then uses a two shot through the whole of the conversation; this pulls the audience in and makes the audience seem more into it and the realism of the conversation. By using over the shoulder shots it still informs the audience and making them part of the conversation. The realism is shown by using the over the shoulder shot at different times to the two shot.
During the conversation when one of the characters stands up the camera rises to show the importance of them. When Jez stands to say his fathers name the camera zooms up for a close up on Jez’s face for a dramatic effect to show how important it is.
When Jez walks out on the conversation it shows a track shot of him leaving the room it shows a wide shot of the other characters reactions. This shows the aftershocks of their faces, feeling guilty of what they have said and making him leave.
When Jez leaves, there is a quick montage of sights in London before it cuts to the characters in a random grass field. This shows the change of background before it shows a wide shot of the characters standing in the field. After this there is another wide shot of the characters walking in different directions, this is showing that they have no idea which way to go and that they could be lost.
It then cuts to a reverse shows where the characters are looking at a huge house and all you can see is them from behind. Then it cuts to them looking at the front of the house looking up at it. This shows their reactions to how big the house actually is.
Then it cuts to Jez playing pool with his dad, this starts from a high shot before zooming down which then focuses on the books, this gives us the sense of money.
Tuesday, 24 March 2009
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Hello, on this blog you will some of my case studies which i have produced for the different area's of the media industry.
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